a/b + c/d = (a·d + c·b) / (b·d)
a/b − c/d = (a·d − c·b) / (b·d)
a/b × c/d = (a·c) / (b·d)
a/b ÷ c/d = (a·d) / (b·c) — flip the second, then multiply
| Step | Example: 3/4 + 5/6 |
|---|---|
| Common denominator | 4 × 6 = 24 |
| Rewrite both | 18/24 + 20/24 |
| Add the tops | 38/24 |
| Simplify by the HCF (2) | 19/12 |
| As a mixed number | 1 7/12 |
- Only addition and subtraction need a common denominator. Multiplication and division do not.
- To divide, flip the second fraction and multiply — dividing by 2/3 is the same as multiplying by 3/2.
- Simplify by dividing top and bottom by their highest common factor.
- A denominator of zero has no meaning; nothing can be divided into zero parts.