Ovulation = period start + cycle length − luteal phase
Fertile window = 5 days before ovulation, through the day after
Next period = period start + cycle length
| Fact | Detail |
|---|---|
| Typical cycle | 21 to 35 days; 28 is only the average |
| Luteal phase | 12 to 16 days, and fairly fixed for each person |
| Egg survives | 12 to 24 hours after release |
| Sperm survive | up to 5 days in fertile cervical mucus |
| Chance per cycle | roughly 25% at peak fertility, for a healthy couple |
- The fertile window is wide because sperm outlive the egg — the days before ovulation matter most.
- Day one of a cycle is the first day of full flow, not spotting.
- The luteal phase is the stable part of a cycle. If your cycle is long, ovulation is late — the luteal phase rarely stretches.
- Ovulation predictor kits, basal temperature and cervical mucus give a far better signal than a calendar alone.